• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
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    • 专利摘要:
    SILO CAPACITIVE HUMIDITY SENSOR SYSTEM. Each silo includes a data collector coupled with several capacitive humidity cables, each with several sensor nodes spaced along it. Each sensor node includes a pair of capacitive plates that extend longitudinally from the capacitive humidity sensor positioned in a spaced side-by-side relationship to form a space that extends longitudinally between the capacitive plates. Positioned inside the longitudinal space between the capacitive plates is a circuit board that includes a microprocessor, memory and temperature sensor. An external housing constitutes a sealed envelope that wraps the circuit board, capacitive plates and a longitudinal length of the moisture cable that extends through and seals the openings at each longitudinal end of the housing.
    公开号:BR112015002831B1
    申请号:R112015002831-4
    申请日:2013-08-06
    公开日:2021-01-26
    发明作者:Brent J. Bloemendaal；Raymond George Benson
    申请人:Ctb, Inc；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Field of the Invention
    [0001] The present description refers to humidity sensors for silos and related methods and, more particularly, capacitive humidity sensor cables, systems and methods. Background of the Invention
    [0002] This section provides basic information related to this description, which is not necessarily the state of the art.
    [0003] Capacitive moisture sensors have been used to detect moisture content in grains. In some cases, however, the grains must be positioned in the space between the electrodes or capacitive plates. Thus, such sensors are typically used in small grain samples that have been moved to a test environment and they are not easily adapted for use in measuring grain inside a silo.
    [0004] In other cases, ground electrodes are provided on opposite sides of an electrode of opposite polarity with a tubular shape. This means that the capacitive spaces extend circumferentially around the generally tubular sensor. Thus, increasing the adjacent grain volume for detection requires an increase in the sensor diameter. This can result in such a downward force being applied to the sensors by the grains when used in large silos that this force cannot be supported by the silo roof structure. Summary of the Invention
    [0005] This section provides a general summary of the description and is not a comprehensive description of its entire scope or all of its resources; nor are the essential features summarized here essential aspects of the description.
    [0006] In one aspect of the description, a silo moisture sensor system is provided that includes a data collector associated with a silo. The data collector includes a data collector microprocessor and a data collector memory attached to at least one capacitive moisture cable suspended inside the silo. Each capacitive humidity cable includes a wiring cable and a plurality of sensor nodes along the wiring cable. Each wiring cable also includes a pair of main conductors surrounded by an electrically insulating material and spaced from each other along a plane of the conductor that passes through the pair of main conductors. A pair of secondary signal wires surrounded by the electrically insulating material is located between the pair of main conductors. Each sensor node further includes a circuit board positioned adjacent to the electrically insulating material that has primary length and width dimensions on a plane of the circuit board that is parallel to the conductor plane. A pair of capacitive plates extends, each one, generally perpendicular to the conductor plane. The first of the pair of main conductors is an earth conductor and the first of the pair of capacitive plates is a ground plate that is positioned next to the earth conductor. A second of the main conductor pair is a positive conductor and a second of the capacitive plate pair is a positive plate that is positioned adjacent to the positive conductor. An external housing provides a sealed wrap around the circuit board, the pair of electrically conductive plates and an adjacent portion of the wiring cable.
    [0007] In another aspect of the present description, a humidity sensor system is provided for silos that includes a data collector associated with a silo. The data collector includes a data collector microprocessor and a data collector memory attached to at least one capacitive moisture cable suspended inside the silo. Each capacitive humidity cable includes a plurality of sensor nodes spaced at a predetermined interval along a wiring cable through which the sensor nodes are connected in parallel with the data collector. Each sensor node includes a sensor node microprocessor and a sensor node memory coupled with a temperature sensor, a capacitive reference sensor and a capacitive humidity sensor. Each sensor node also includes a pair of capacitive plates that extend longitudinally from the capacitive humidity sensor positioned in a side-to-side relationship, spaced to form a space that extends longitudinally between the capacitive plates. A longitudinal length of the moisture cable is positioned within the longitudinal space between the capacitive plates. A circuit board comprising the sensor node microprocessor, the sensor node memory and the temperature sensor is positioned within the longitudinal space between the capacitive plates and adjacent to the length of the humidity cable. Each sensor node also includes an external housing sealed to the moisture cable at each longitudinal end of the housing to create a sealed envelope that wraps the circuit board, capacitive plates and the longitudinal length of the moisture cable. The wiring cable extends through and seals the openings at each longitudinal end of the housing.
    [0008] Other areas of application will be evident from the description provided here. The description and specific examples in this summary are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this description. Brief Description of Drawings
    [0009] The drawings described here are for illustrative purposes only of selected embodiments and not all possible implementations and are not intended to limit the scope of this description.
    [0010] Figure 1 is an overview of a capacitive humidity sensor system for silo according to the present invention;
    [0011] Figure 2 is a perspective representation showing a distribution of capacitive humidity cables inside a silo of the system of figure 1;
    [0012] Figure 3 is a perspective view of a capacitive humidity cable sensor node of a capacitive humidity cable of figure 2;
    [0013] Figure 4 is a perspective view of the capacitive humidity cable sensor node of figure 3 with one half of the wrap removed showing the line of the longitudinal part thereof;
    [0014] Figure 5 is a perspective view of the sensor node of the capacitive humidity cable of figure 3 with the wrapper removed;
    [0015] Figure 6 is a perspective view of the sensor node of the capacitive humidity cable of figure 3 with the housing and the capacitive plates removed;
    [0016] Figure 7 is a perspective view of the wiring cable of the sensor node of the capacitive humidity cable of figure 3;
    [0017] Figure 8 is a block diagram of a circuit board of the sensor node of the capacitive humidity cable of figure 3;
    [0018] Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of the circuit board of figure 7;
    [0019] Figure 10 is a flow diagram of the main circuit for the data collector to collect data from the sensor nodes and transmit the data to the main system controller of figure 1;
    [0020] Figure 11 is a flow diagram of the main circuit for the microprocessor of the sensor node to collect and send data in response to a query request from the data collector of the system of figure 1;
    [0021] Figure 12 is a structure map of raw memory data of the main controller of the system of figure 1;
    [0022] Figure 13 is a graph of the percentage capacitance change for the grain depth of the sensor node; and
    [0023] Figure 14 is a screen image of the controller display that represents the radial location of the humidity cables in the silo and display of humidity data for a selected humidity cable.
    [0024] The corresponding reference numbers indicate corresponding parts in all the various views of the drawings. Detailed Description of the Invention
    [0025] Exemplary embodiments will now be described more fully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Numerous specific details are presented in the exemplary embodiments described herein, such as examples of specific components, devices and methods, to provide an exhaustive understanding of the embodiments of the present description. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that specific details need not be employed, that exemplary embodiments can be realized in many different ways, and that they should not be interpreted to limit the scope of the description. In some exemplary embodiments, well-known processes, well-known device structures and well-known technologies are not described in detail.
    [0026] The terminology used here is for the purpose of describing mainly exemplary modalities only and is not intended to be limiting. As used here, the forms in the singular "one", "one", "o" and "a" may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The terms "comprises", "comprising", "including" and "having" are inclusive and therefore specify the presence of indicated characteristics, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition one or more of other characteristics, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or groups thereof. The steps of methods, processes and operations described here are not to be interpreted as necessarily requiring their execution in the particular order discussed or illustrated, unless specifically identified as an order of execution. It should also be understood that additional or alternative steps can be employed.
    [0027] When an element or layer is said to be "over", "docked in", "connected to" or "attached to" another element or layer, it can be directly over, docked, connected or attached to the other element or layer or intervening elements or layers may be present. In contrast, when an element is said to be "directly on", "directly embedded in", "directly connected to" or "directly coupled to" another element or layer, there may be no intervening elements or layers present. Other words used to describe the relationship between the elements should be interpreted in a similar way (for example, "between" versus "directly between", "adjacent" versus "directly adjacent", etc.). As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated items mentioned.
    [0028] Although the terms first, second, third, etc., can be used here to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or sections should not be limited these terms. These terms can be used only to distinguish an element, component, region, layer or section from another region, layer or section. Terms such as "first", "second" and other numeric terms, when used here, do not imply a sequence or order, unless clearly indicated by the context. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer or section discussed below can be called a second element, component, region, layer or section without departing from the teachings of exemplary embodiments.
    [0029] Spatially relative terms, such as "internal", "external", "below", "below", "lower", "above", "upper" and so on can be used here for ease of description for describe the relationship of an element or component to another element (s) or component (s), as illustrated in the figures. Spatially relative terms can be intended to cover different orientations of the device in use or operation, in addition to the orientation represented in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, the elements described as "below" or "below" other elements or components would then be oriented "above" the other elements or components. Thus, the exemplary term "below" can encompass both an upward and downward orientation. The device may be oriented in another way (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used here interpreted accordingly.
    [0030] Figure 1 provides a block diagram of a system 10 for collecting moisture data from a plurality of silos 12. A farm or producer can include a plurality of silos 12 which are all controlled by a single main controller 14 which includes a microprocessor 16, memory 18 and a screen 20. All the memories described here, including memory 18, are non-transitory, computer readable memory. Main controller 14 communicates with each silo 12 via wireless nodes 22, 24. For example, wireless node 22 can be an 802.15 module and each wireless node 24 can include a PIC 18F2620 microprocessor.
    [0031] A wireless node 24 from each silo constitutes an incoming and outgoing communication link between the main controller 14 and a data collector 26 that includes a microprocessor 28 and memory 30. For each silo 12, a plurality of cables humidity 32 are in communication with a data collector 26 that includes a microprocessor 28 and memory 30. Each humidity cable 32 includes a plurality of sensor nodes 34 positioned at intervals along the length of each cable 32. Each sensor node 34 of each cable 32 is electrically coupled in parallel to data collector 26.
    [0032] Moisture cables 32 are spaced along the inside of silo 12, as shown in figure 2. It should be noted that figure 2 is a schematic representation that has been simplified to improve understanding. Each moisture cable 32 is typically physically suspended from and supported by the roof structure of silo 12. Similarly, data collector 26 associated with silo 12 can be located above the grain storage area, so that essentially no force downward is exerted on the data collector 26 by the grains in the silo 12. For example, the data collector 26 can be mounted on the roof structure outside the silo 12 or inside the silo 12 near an upper part of the roof structure.
    [0033] With reference to figures 3-7, each of the moisture cables 32 includes a wiring cable 36. The wiring cable 36 includes a pair of main conductors 38 and 40. For example, the main conductor 38 can constitute the ground, with main conductor 40 constituting the opposite polarity. The main conductors 38, 40 are spaced from each other along a plane of the CP conductor passing through the conductors. Positioned in the space provided between the main conductors 38, 40 is a pair of communication signal wires 122. The conductors 38, 40 and signal wires 122 are isolated from each other and from the external environment by an electrically insulating material 42. The The general cross-sectional shape of the wiring cable 36 is generally rectangular to allow greater distance or spacing between the main conductors 38, 40 when placing each adjacent main conductor 38, 40 to one of the short sides 35 of the rectangular cross section.
    [0034] Sensor nodes 34 also include a circuit board 44 positioned against one of the long sides 37 of a rectangular cross section of the wiring cable 36. Circuit board 44 is generally flat with a rectangular shape having dimensions of length and width in a plane of the BP circuit board that is parallel to the plane of the CP conductor. Extending along opposite sides that define the length L of the circuit board 44 is a pair of opposite capacitive plates 46, 48. The opposite capacitive plates 46, 48 extend along, in the same way, along a corresponding length the wiring cable 36; adjacent to each of the short sides 35 of the rectangular cross section of the wiring cable 36. Circuit board 44 includes circuit board components 45 mounted thereon, such as the microprocessor and sensor node memory.
    [0035] The flat ground plate 46 is positioned adjacent to a corresponding length of the main earth conductor 38 and the opposite polarity plate 48 is positioned adjacent to a corresponding length of the main polarity of opposite polarity 40. The opposite capacitive plates 46, 48 can generally positioned perpendicular to the plane of the CP conductor and the plane of the BP circuit board. Each capacitive plate 46, 48 can extend just outside a plane that extends along the inner edge of the adjacent main conductor 38 or 40 and perpendicular to the plane of the CP conductor and the plane of the BP circuit board.
    [0036] Power is supplied to circuit board 44 via main conductors 38, 40. Communication to and from each sensor node is provided via signal wires 122. The portion of electrically insulating material 42 is removed to allow the signal wires 122 and main conductors 38, 40 are electrically coupled to circuit board 44 via charged pogo pins. The electrically insulating material 42 can be removed using heat, mechanical abrasion or another technique to provide a pair of main cavities 52 that expose the main conductors 38, 40 and at least one secondary cavity 54 that exposes the secondary conductors 122.
    [0037] Circuit board 44, capacitive plates 46, 48 and a corresponding portion of the wiring cable 36 are all enclosed within a two-part housing 50 that provides a sealed inner space and defines each sensor node 34. The inner space it may be filled with foam or gel to protect circuit board 44 and related sensor components from vibration, impact and environmental contamination, such as moisture. The housing halves 50 can be coupled together using threaded fasteners. Details of circuit board 44 will now be discussed.
    [0038] With reference to figure 8, a block diagram of circuit board 44 is shown for each sensor node 34. Each sensor node 34 uses a microprocessor 100, which can be implemented using a microprocessor device PIC16F54. Microprocessor 100 includes internal addressable memory 102. System clock 104 can be implemented by an appropriate crystal to control the clock speed of the microprocessor device. With a microprocessor device such as the PIC16F54, a suitable 4 mega-hertz crystal can be used. Each sensor node 34 also includes a supply circuit and regulator 106 that provides an operating DC voltage of 5 volts for the operation of the various components of the humidity sensor. The supply and regulator circuit 106 can be implemented using a LN78L05ACZ voltage regulator circuit, which takes a 15 volt DC as an input and provides a regulated 5 volt DC output.
    [0039] The microprocessor 100 collects data indicative of humidity and also data indicative of temperature. The humidity data is generated using a capacitive probe plate 108, which changes the capacitance in proportion to the humidity. Capacitive probe plate 108 corresponds to opposite capacitive plates 46 and 48. When measuring the change in capacitance, moisture data is derived.
    [0040] More specifically, capacitive probe plate 108 is coupled via an electrically actuated switch 110 to an oscillator circuit 112. Changes in capacitance cause the oscillator circuit to change its oscillation frequency. The microprocessor 100 measures the frequency of oscillation and thus collects data indicative of humidity.
    [0041] To ensure that the measured humidity reading is capacitively accurate, the humidity and temperature sensor node includes a reference capacitor 114 that can be coupled to oscillator circuit 112 (instead of capacitive probe plate 108) by operating the switch 110. As illustrated, switch 110 is controlled by microprocessor 100. Thus, microprocessor 100 controls whether oscillator circuit 112 oscillates at a frequency commanded by capacitive probe board 108 or reference capacitor 114.
    [0042] Temperature data are obtained by a grain temperature sensor 116. Temperature sensor 116 is coupled to microprocessor 100 through an analog to digital converter 118.
    [0043] The microprocessor 100 collects humidity and temperature data from these respective sensors and communicates the data values collected through an RS-485 transceiver 120. More specifically, the data values collected by microprocessor 100 are stored in memory 102 and then sent over the transmission line (TX) to the RS-485 120 transceiver when requested. The request to transmit such data is sent from the RS-485 transceiver 120 via the receiving line (RX) to the microprocessor 100. The RS485 transceiver 120 communicates via a balanced cable (two data lines) 122 which comprises a line outgoing / receiving data A and an outgoing / receiving data line B. According to the RS-485 protocol, lines A and B are 180 ° out of phase with each other, so that the noise intercepted by both lines from the same noise source are effectively canceled.
    [0044] Referring now to figure 9, data lines A and B are coupled in parallel through a connector or pogo pins 131 with the respective data lines from other humidity sensors with simulated configuration to form a multipoint communication line sensor-distributed that is implanted in the silo as discussed above. To allow each of the sensors to be activated individually and consulted to collect data, the microprocessor 100 of each sensor is programmed to respond to a unique identification address. When the system wants to obtain data from a particular sensor, a message is sent over the balanced cable 122 and via the RS-485 transceiver 120 to the microprocessor 100 which then responds to the data request by taking measurements from both the sensors humidity and temperature, and transmit them back through the RS-485 transceiver interface. As will be discussed below, each individual sensor is activated only when a reading from that sensor is desired. Otherwise, the sensor is turned off. Connector 133 is used for programming microprocessor 100, such as for providing software updates.
    [0045] One of the advantages of the cable humidity and temperature sensor system is that each sensor collects humidity and temperature data from a different location inside the silo and each sensor provides raw measurement data (unique for this location inside the silo). silo) for higher function processing systems for analysis. To bring this amount of data together in a compact and economical package, the humidity sensor circuit shown in figures 8 and 9 capitalizes on several circuit innovations to help minimize size, cost and energy consumption, while providing high reliability and precision.
    [0046] The microprocessor 100, with its associated system clock 104 and RS-485 transceiver 120 is shown with connection pins, as shown. Note that the supply and regulator circuit 106 includes a 5-volt bus 124 that provides 5 regulated volts to several of the circuit components, such as microprocessor 100, on its 5-volt power pin 126. A 5-volt power pin 128 volt similar provides a regulated 5 volt DC for the RS-485 120 transceiver. Other 5 volt power connections are also illustrated in figure 8, but will not be further described here.
    [0047] The supply and regulator circuit 106 is supplied with a 15-volt DC through its 15-volt bus 130. Bus 130 is on the unregulated side of the power supply which is powered with the 15-volt DC through from the connector or pogo pin 131. Note that the unregulated 15 volt supply voltage is also supplied to other locations within the circuit, such as to the 15 volt supply pin 132 of the temperature sensor 116.
    [0048] To save energy, when the specific sensor is not being used, the supply voltage of 15 volts can be turned off on the main controller. When disconnected, no voltage is supplied through the connector or pogo pin 131 and the entire circuit shown in figures 8 and 9 is disconnected. When 15 volts are applied through connector 131, the entire circuit is connected. To ensure that the microprocessor is connected in a controlled manner, the circuit includes an undervoltage sensor 134. The undervoltage sensor responds to the 5-volt bus as detected on the 5-volt power pin 136 and sends a reset signal to the microprocessor. 100 once the voltage levels have stabilized at the appropriate value of 5 volts.
    [0049] It should be remembered, from the discussion of figure 8, that oscillator 112 measures capacitance values from probe plate 108 and also from reference capacitor 114. These capacitors can be precision capacitors, such as NPO ceramic capacitors . In the illustrated embodiment, oscillator circuit 112 is implemented using a pair of Schmitt trigger circuitry 138, which oscillate at a nominal frequency of approximately 300 kHz; the exact oscillation frequency varies according to the associated capacitance value. In this regard, probe plate 108 and reference capacitor 114 (in this case, a pair of capacitors in parallel) are alternately connected and disconnected from oscillator circuit 112 by the switch controlled by microprocessor 110. Switch 110 is implemented using a pair of two-way analog switches that are controlled by a data value provided over connector 140 of microprocessor 100.
    [0050] When microprocessor 100 receives a command to read and provide data via a command from the RS-485 transceiver 120, the microprocessor reads the frequency of the oscillator circuit with the reference capacitor 114 connected to the circuit and then changes the configuration of the switch to read the frequency of the oscillator with the probe plate capacitor 108 connected to the oscillator circuit. Both data values are obtained and transmitted via the RS-485 transceiver 120 each time a data request is made. In this way, the moisture content is measured (based on the reading obtained using capacitive probe plate 108). Any circuit deviation or other measurement aberrations caused by temperature variation or aging of components are measured and compensated using the measurements obtained using the reference capacitor 114. By taking both readings both times, the humidity sensor provides highly accurate data and reliable on the moisture content detected.
    [0051] In the illustrated embodiment, oscillator circuit 112 oscillates at a nominal frequency of about 300 kHz. Although it is possible to use a microprocessor with sufficient high-speed capabilities to directly count oscillations at this cycle rate, such microprocessors can be expensive. Thus, the illustrated embodiment uses a cycle measurement technique that takes advantage of the microprocessor device's real-time clock function. To measure the frequency of the oscillator, a register or memory location within microprocessor 100 is programmed to increment its count with each pulse coming from the oscillator circuit, starting at a count of zero and counting until the register limit is exceeded. The microprocessor is programmed to monitor and record the number of times this recorder limit is exceeded within a predetermined time interval and then also read the value in the register after the measurement time interval is exceeded. The registered number of exceeded limits and the existing registration value at the end of the measurement cycle are then collectively used to calculate the frequency of the oscillator and this value is then converted into an equivalent moisture content reading by applying a conversion of capacitance for humidity.
    [0052] Temperature measurements are obtained by temperature sensor 116, which provides an analog value that is converted into a digital value by the analog-to-digital converter 118. Although there are pre-packaged analog-to-digital converter devices that can be used for this function, the illustrated embodiment saves costs when carrying out the analog-to-digital conversion using comparator 142, configured to compare the output of temperature sensor 116 with an upward sawtooth voltage on capacitor 144. Essentially, capacitor 144 is powered by a constant current source 146 implemented by a pair of transistors that can be precision transistors. The constant current source thus charges capacitor 144 at a controlled rate, so that the voltage on capacitor 144 rises linearly from zero to the supply voltage (plus 5 volts) in the form of a sawtooth. When operating the electrically controlled switch 148, the microprocessor 100 periodically causes capacitor 144 to short to ground, thereby resetting the capacitor voltage to zero, restarting the sawtooth waveform. Once the short is interrupted, the voltage across capacitor 144 rises at a constant rate determined by constant current source 146, making voltage across capacitor 144 a reference source with which comparator 142 compares the temperature sensor output. 116.
    [0053] With reference to figure 10, a main circuit is provided for collecting and transmitting data from sensor nodes 34 to data collector 26. In box 200, the data collector waits until a sensor data request from a silo is received from the main controller 14. Once a request is received, then the active cable identifier is first set to a maximum value in box 202. For example, if there are 19 cables in the silo, then the identifier active cable is set to 19. In box 204, microprocessor 28 turns the power on to active cable 32 which corresponds to the identifier cable. The microprocessor 28 waits for the sensor nodes 34 on the active cable 32 to initialize the box 206.
    [0054] In box 208, the active sensor node identifier is set to a maximum value. For example, if there are 24 humidity sensor nodes on cable 32, then the sensor node identifier is set to 24. In box 210, the request retries count is set to 1, which represents the first data request for sensor node 34 to be detected. A data request is sent to the active sensor node in box 212. If data is received by data collector 26 within a predetermined period of time in box 214, then the data parity is checked in box 216.
    [0055] If the data is not received within the predetermined time period at 214 or the data parity is not good, then the logic of microprocessor 28 continues to box 218 to determine whether the request retries count is greater than a predetermined value that corresponds to the maximum number of attempts. If not, then the request retries count is increased by one in box 220 and the logic returns to box 212 to send another data request to the node sensor being queried; that is, to the active sensor node on the active humidity cable in the silo being measured.
    [0056] If the data is received at 214 and the parity is good at 216, then the data is sent to the main controller 14 for processing in box 222 via data collector 26 and wireless nodes 11 and 24. Once that microprocessor 100 determines that the number of request attempts exceeds a predetermined maximum value in box 218, then a bad data error value for each of the temperature, reference capacitance and capacitance of the humidity probe is provided for the node sensor active in box 234, error value which is sent to the main controller in 222.
    [0057] Microprocessor 28 determines if there are additional sensor nodes in the active cable from which data has not been collected in box 224. If so, then the active node identifier is reduced by one in box 226 and the logic returns to box 210 to set the retry count to 1 for the new active sensor node. If not, then the active cable is disconnected in box 228.
    [0058] A determination is made as to whether there are additional moisture cables in the silo from which data was not collected at 230. If so, the active cable identifier value is reduced by 1 in box 232 and the cable corresponding to the shortened cable identifier is connected, while the previous active cable is disconnected in box 204. If not, then the humidity cable is disconnected and the data collector 26 simply waits to receive another request for data query in 200.
    [0059] With reference to figure 11, a main circuit is provided for each microprocessor node sensor 100. When a humidity cable 32 is connected, microprocessor 100 is configured to detect a header packet in box 250. If it is determined that none header packet is detected in box 252, then the microprocessor continues to detect a header packet in 250. If a header packet is detected in box 252, then the packet is received in 254 and a determination is made as to whether the header packet is a data request bit set to 256. If not, then the microprocessor 100 returns to detection in box 250. If so, then the active node identifier is extracted from the header packet in the box 258. If the extracted node identifier matches this node identifier at 260, then temperature data, reference capacitance data and humidity capacitance are included in and sent to the data collector 26 n box 264.
    [0060] As will be evident from the discussion above of figures 10 and 11, a plurality of capacitive humidity sensor nodes 34 are provided in a plurality of humidity cables 32 inside the silo 12. Power is supplied to a selected one of the plurality of humidity cables 32 without activating the plurality of capacitive humidity sensor nodes 34 in the selected humidity cable 34. Nodes 34 connected, but inactive, do not essentially consume any current. Particularly, in view of feeding only one humidity cable 32 at a time, the inactive sensor nodes 34 do not generate problematic heat, which could have a negative impact on the data being collected.
    [0061] One selected from the plurality of capacitive humidity sensor nodes 34 on the selected humidity cable 32 is activated. Capacitive humidity data and temperature data are obtained from the sensor node 34 activated in the selected humidity cable 32. The one selected from the plurality of capacitive humidity sensor nodes 34 is returned to an inactive state. A subsequent one among the plurality of capacitive humidity sensor nodes 34 on the selected moisture cable 32 is activated until each of the sensor nodes 34 on the selected cable 32 has been individually activated. The power is turned off for the one selected from the plurality of moisture cables 32. The power is supplied to a subsequently selected one of the plurality of moisture cables 32, until each of the plurality of moisture cables 32 has been individually fed and each sensor nodes 34 has been activated individually and data has been collected.
    [0062] As indicated above, the data that is sent to the main controller 14 of each sensor node is raw data that has not yet been transformed into a moisture content value. An advantage of this is that there is no need to provide the data collector 26 with sufficient memory and processing capacity to convert the raw data into a moisture value. Another benefit is that the data collector does not need to have information about the type of grain being stored in the silo, information which, typically, will already be stored in the main controller for other reasons.
    [0063] A data structure map of a memory part 18 of the main controller 14 is exemplified in figure 12. The raw data obtained from all sensor nodes 34 of a silo 12 can be stored in the memory of the main controller 18 , as indicated in this data structure map. The raw data includes temperature data, reference capacitance data and humidity capacitance data. Since the raw unprocessed data from each sensor node is copied to memory 18 of the main controller, there is no need to process any of this raw data on sensor nodes 34 or data collector 26. This memory and power processing required to process the raw data need to exist only on the main controller and do not need to be in duplicate on sensor nodes 34 or data collector 26.
    [0064] One way to provide the system with the necessary programming to convert the raw data into a calculated moisture content in each sensor is to use a curve that graphically represents the relationship between the measured capacitance and the reference capacitance against the actual content of measured humidity. A temperature factor, such as ((T-80) X 0.046), where T is the measured temperature, can be applied to account for temperature differences. A formula can be derived to match the curve. This formula can be different for different grains. An exemplary formula can be: Humidity% = (A x ((B - (Cm / Cr)) C) - ((T-80) x 0.46) Where: A, B, and C are empirically determined constants for each grain type; Cr are raw data of the reference capacitance; Cm are raw data of the measured capacitance; and T is the temperature in degrees centigrade.
    [0065] Once the formulas are derived for each grain, then they can be programmed in the main controller 14 for use in converting the raw data into a calculated moisture data set. Thus, the calculated moisture value is determined by the main controller 14 based on these three pieces of raw data, which can be stored in memory 18 according to the data structure map shown in figure 12.
    [0066] Another option is to provide search tables for each type of grain. For example, a lookup table that correlates the Cm / Cr ratio with an initial moisture content value can be programmed in the main controller 14. A temperature adjustment lookup table can be provided in the main controller memory 18 to adjust the determined value of initial moisture content based on temperature data.
    [0067] The physical location of each sensor node inside the silo is important. Thus, as shown in figure 12, a single data structure map can include both the address of the sensor node and the physical coordinates of the position of the various sensor nodes 34 within a silo 12. This location correlation information can be entered into the main controller memory 18 after initial installation and configuration of moisture cables inside the silo.
    [0068] One reason why the physical location of each sensor node is important is to allow a determination of the depth of grains in silo 12 and the depth of sensor nodes 34 below the surface of the grains. If there is no grain around a particular sensor node 34, then system 10 will record a non-adjacent grain value, such as zero, for any data that is outside a predetermined range for the moisture capacitance. For example, a ratio of measured capacitance to reference capacitance that is below 3% for a sensor node 34 may indicate that there is no grain adjacent to this sensor node 34. As a result, main controller 14 can determine the height of the grain in silo 12 based on such anomalous readings. For example, with sensor nodes 34 spaced four feet apart, system 10 can assume that the filling height of the silo in a humidity cable 32 is two feet below the lowest sensor node, returning to a non-adjacent grain value .
    [0069] This grain fill height information can be used to determine a desired air flow rate as part of a method for controlling the operation of variable speed fans, as described in United States Patent Commonly Issued No. Series 13 / 180,797 deposited by Bloemendaal et al. on July 12, 2011 and entitled "Bin Aeration System", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
    [0070] This grain height information can also be used to apply a grain depth adjustment factor to the calculated moisture content determined for each sensor node 34. In the exemplary moisture calculation equation set out above, ((T- 80) x 0.46) is a temperature adjustment factor. A compaction adjustment factor can be similarly applied based on empirical data, which could generate a curve similar to that shown in figure 13. For example, the pressure capacitance change curve could be divided into three regions: the first region high slope to adjust humidity data calculated from low depth sensor nodes (region A in figure 13); a median slope region to adjust humidity data calculated from sensor nodes of moderate depth (region B in figure 13); and a low slope region to adjust humidity data calculated from deep sensor nodes (region C in figure 13). An alternative to the main controller microprocessor being programmed to use such slope formulas for adjusting compaction is to provide a lookup table in the main controller memory to be used by the microprocessor to adjust the moisture content value based on the calculated grain depth. for each sensor node 34.
    [0071] Another reason why the physical location of each sensor node is important is to allow the data to be displayed graphically, so that an area or region of grains with a high moisture content can be identified by the user. Figure 14 provides a graphical screen that can be selectively displayed on screen 20 of main controller 14. In the left part of screen 20 there is a schematic plan view showing the radial or horizontal positioning of humidity cables 32 inside a silo 12. In this embodiment, six moisture cables 32 are present in the silo 12 organized in a triangular configuration of 3 internal cables and a triangular configuration of 3 external cables inverted in relation to the internal triangle. The flat view representation also includes a reference to the positioning or orientation which, in the present case, is an indication of the North.
    [0072] A user can select an individual cable 32 to have the humidity data displayed for sensor nodes 34 of the selected cable 32. For example, each of the boxes 60 can be a button on the screen that the user presses to select the corresponding humidity cable 32. Alternatively or additionally, a user can enter the number corresponding to the desired humidity cable 32 on a keyboard to select the display of the corresponding humidity cable 32. When selected, the selected cable box 60 can be highlighted in a different color.
    [0073] Moving to the right side of the screen, a perspective graphical view 62 is provided with a removed pie-shaped portion that displays the calculated moisture data value for a selected cable 32 indicated on the left side of the screen 20. The The moisture data graph also includes an indication of the top surface of the 64 grains, which is derived from the data provided by all moisture sensor nodes 34 in silo 12. The image graphically shows the moisture data in a vertical orientation that substantially matches to the vertical position of the sensor nodes. Thus, the height or depth of the grains can be plotted on the vertical axis and the calculated moisture content can be plotted on the horizontal axis.
    [0074] The cable selection image 56 on the left and the humidity data graph 62 on the right can appear simultaneously on the same screen 20, as shown in figure 14. Alternatively, the main controller 14 can allow the user to switch between displaying graphical selection of cable 56 and graphical humidity data 62 sequentially over the same space on the monitor screen.
    [0075] The physical location of each sensor node 34 is also important in order to allow corrective action directed at the problematic area or zone of grains. For example, the problem area of grains can be selectively removed from the silo for drying. An exemplary system that can facilitate such selective removal of a grain zone from the silo is described in United States Patent Application Commonly assigned Serial No. 12 / 827,448, filed by Niemeyer et al. on June 30, 2010 and entitled "Circular Bin Unload System and Method", which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. For example, instead of sequentially opening all the drain pits along the floor to remove the entire silo, only the drain pits that are under the problem area or area of grains would be opened, through which the grains can be removed. Thus, the problem zone of grains can be selectively removed from the silo. The removed grains can be processed through a grain dryer and returned to the silo. This may be an appropriate procedure if the problem area or area of grains is close to the bottom of the silo.
    [0076] As another example, if the problem area or area of grains is close to the top of the silo, only the drainage wells that are under the area or problem area of grains would be opened. Then, sufficient grain could be removed to create a low spot on the grain surface above the problem area or area of grains. Thus, a low-resistance airflow path through the problem area or grain area could be created and fans and heaters can be used to make the air flow and, preferably, treat the problem area or grain area. .
    [0077] As another example, the silo could be ventilated using fans and a heater, if available. As noted above, the grain surface in the silo can be manipulated to preferably allow air to pass through the problematic grain area or zone found in the silo. For example, grains can be selectively removed from the silo using the Niemeyer et al. identified above to provide a reduced airflow path through the problem grain zone. Alternatively or in addition, grains can be selectively added to the silo using a variable speed grain spreader to also provide an air flow path through the problematic grain zone, which is reduced in relation to the non-passing air flow paths. through the problem zone of grains. Since a reduced airflow path is created to preferably allow air to pass through the problem area or zone, aeration fans can be activated to let air through the silo until the humidity level is no longer problematic. .
    [0078] The previous description of the embodiments has been provided for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or limit description. Individual elements or components of a particular embodiment are generally not limited to this particular embodiment, but, where applicable, are interchangeable and can be used in a selected embodiment, even if it is not specifically shown or described. It can also be varied in many ways. Such variations should not be considered a departure from the description and all such changes are intended to be included within the scope of the description.
    权利要求:
    Claims (13)
    [0001]
    1. Silo humidity sensor system (10) characterized by the fact that it comprises: a data collector (26) associated with a silo (12) and comprising a microprocessor data collector (28) and a data collection memory (30) coupled to at least one capacitive humidity cable suspended inside the silo; each capacitive humidity cable (32) comprising a plurality of sensor nodes (34) spaced from a predetermined interval along a wiring cable (36) through which the sensor nodes are connected in parallel with the data collector; each sensor node (34) comprising a sensor node microprocessor (100) and a sensor node memory (102) coupled to a temperature sensor (116), a capacitive reference sensor, and a capacitive humidity sensor, each node The sensor also comprises a pair of capacitive plates (46, 48) that extend longitudinally from the capacitive humidity sensor positioned side-by-side, spaced relation to form an opening that extends longitudinally between the capacitive plates (46, 48), a longitudinal length of the moisture cable being positioned within the longitudinal difference between the capacitive plates (46, 48), a circuit board (44) comprising the sensor node microprocessor (100), the sensor node memory, and the sensor temperature (116) positioned inside the longitudinal space between the capacitive plates (46, 48) and adjacent to the length of the humidity cable (32); and each sensor node (34) further comprising an outer housing (50) sealed to the moisture cable (32) at each longitudinal end of the housing (50) to create a sealed envelope around the printed circuit board (44), the capacitive plates (46, 48), and the longitudinal length of the moisture cable (32), the spinning cable (36) and the sealing cable that extends through openings at each longitudinal end of the housing (50).
    [0002]
    2. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the wiring cable (36) further comprises a pair of main conductors (38, 40) spaced from each other along a conductor plane passing through the pair of main conductors (38, 40), and a pair of secondary signal wires (122) disposed between the pair of main conductors (38, 40); and wherein each of the longitudinally extending capacitive plates (46, 48) extends generally perpendicular to the conductive plane.
    [0003]
    3. Silo moisture sensor system (10), according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a pair of main cavities (52) in the insulating material (42), each main cavity exposing one of the main conductors (38, 40); and further comprising a pair of pins, each pogo pin (131) extending to one of the main hollows to electrically couple the main conductor pair (38, 40) to the circuit board (44).
    [0004]
    4. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized by the fact that it also comprises at least one secondary cavity (54) in the insulating material (42) exposing a pair of secondary signal (122); and further comprising a pair of pins, each pogo pin (131) extending into at least one secondary cavity (54) for electrically coupling the pair of secondary signal wires (122) to the circuit board (44) .
    [0005]
    5. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the spinning cable (36) further comprises a pair of main conductors (38, 40) spaced laterally one on the other, and a pair of secondary signal wires (122) disposed between the pair of main conductors (38, 40); wherein the main conductor pair (38, 40) includes a main ground conductor (38) and an opposite polarity main conductor (40), and the pair of longitudinally extending capacitive plates (46, 48) includes a plate capacitive earth (46) and a capacitive plate of opposite polarity (48), and the capacitive earth plate (46) extends along a lateral side and outside the earth conductor (38) to be moved away from the conductor of opposite polarity (40) ), and the opposite polarity capacitive plate (48) that extends along a lateral side and to the outside of the opposite polarity conductor (40) to be moved away from the polarity earth conductor (38).
    [0006]
    6. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the housing (50) comprises a non-conductive material, and in which any conductive material of the housing (50) it is electrically isolated from the conductors (38, 40), the signal wires (122), the circuit board (44), and the capacitive plates (46, 48).
    [0007]
    7. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the sealed housing is filled with a gel material.
    [0008]
    Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the housing (50) has an outer tubular central portion with a curved upper end surface, and in which the enclosure is defined by two coupling halves of non-conductive material along a central part line extending a total longitudinal length of the sensor node (34).
    [0009]
    Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it further comprises a main controller (14) which includes a microprocessor of the main controller and a memory of the main controller ( 18), where the main controller (14) is in communication with the data collector (26), and where the memory of the main controller (18) is configured in a data structure that includes grain type data, data temperature, raw reference capacity data, raw moisture capacitance data, node identification data, physical node position data, and a calculated moisture content for each sensor node (34).
    [0010]
    10. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized by the fact that the main controller (14) further comprises a display screen (20) that selectively indicates a graphical representation of the moisture content calculated for sensor nodes (34) selected as positioned inside the silo (12).
    [0011]
    11. Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the at least one moisture cable (32) is a plurality of moisture cables (32), and wherein the screen (20) is selectively provided with a graphical representation of a plurality of moisture cables (32) as positioned inside the silo (12) and a positional reference indicator appears on the screen (20) to allow a user to select a plurality of moisture cables (32).
    [0012]
    Silo moisture sensor system (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by the fact that it also comprises a secondary cavity (54) in the insulating material (42) exposing at least one of the wires secondary signals (122); and further comprising a pair of pogo pins (131), each pogo pin extending into at least one of the secondary cavity (54) to electrically couple the pair of secondary signal wires (122) to the circuit board (44).
    [0013]
    13. Silo moisture sensor system (10), according to claim 2, characterized by the fact that: - said main conductor pair (38, 40) is surrounded by an electrically insulating material (42) arranged between the pair of main conductors (38, 40), - said pair of secondary signal wires (122) is surrounded by the electrically insulating material (42) disposed between the pair of main conductors (38, 40), - said plate of circuit (44) is positioned adjacent to the electrically insulating material (42) and has primary width and length dimensions on a circuit board plane that is parallel to the conductor plane, - a first of the main conductor pair (38, 40) is a ground conductor (38) and a first of the capacitive plate pair (46, 48) is a ground plate (46) which is positioned adjacent to the ground conductor (38) and the second of the main conductor pair (38, 40) is a positive conductor (40) and a second one of the pair of capacitive plates (46, 48) it is a positive plate (48) that is positioned adjacent to the positive conductor (40).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    AU2017245330A1|2017-11-02|
    CA2823053C|2017-05-30|
    AU2013299874A1|2015-02-26|
    CN104704354B|2017-10-10|
    AR092060A1|2015-03-18|
    EP2883044A1|2015-06-17|
    MX2015001740A|2015-10-09|
    MX354602B|2018-03-13|
    EP2883044B1|2020-02-26|
    CA2823053A1|2014-02-08|
    RU2015107713A|2016-09-27|
    PH12015500244A1|2015-03-30|
    US9683955B2|2017-06-20|
    US20140046611A1|2014-02-13|
    WO2014025721A1|2014-02-13|
    HUE048900T2|2020-08-28|
    PH12015500244B1|2015-03-30|
    CN104704354A|2015-06-10|
    RU2641635C2|2018-01-18|
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    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-11-12| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-05-05| B06A| Notification to applicant to reply to the report for non-patentability or inadequacy of the application according art. 36 industrial patent law|
    2020-11-03| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2021-01-26| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 06/08/2013, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US13/569,814|2012-08-08|
    US13/569,814|US9683955B2|2012-08-08|2012-08-08|Grain bin capacitive moisture sensor system|
    PCT/US2013/053701|WO2014025721A1|2012-08-08|2013-08-06|Grain bin capacitive moisture sensor system|
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